We can use shortcode for displaying custom post type categories. Here is an example shortcode.

function display_custom_post_type_categories($atts) {
    // Set default attributes for the shortcode
    $atts = shortcode_atts(
        array(
            'post_type' => 'portfolio', // Change this to your custom post type
        ),
        $atts,
        'post_type_categories'
    );
    
    $args = array(
        'taxonomy' => 'portfolio-category', // Change this as your custom taxonomy
        'post_type' => $atts['post_type'],
        'orderby'   => 'name',
        'order'     => 'ASC',
    );
    
    // Get the categories
    $categories = get_terms($args);
    
    // display categories
    if ($categories) {
        $output = '<ul>';
        foreach ($categories as $category) {
            $output .= '<li><a href="' . esc_url(get_term_link($category)) . '">' . esc_html($category->name) . '</a></li>';
        }
        $output .= '</ul>';
    } else {
        $output = 'No categories found for this post type.';
    }

    return $output;
}

// Register the shortcode
add_shortcode('post_type_categories', 'display_custom_post_type_categories');

Now add this short code [post_type_categories] to your wordPress editor.